Maria Sibylla Merian honoured by Google doodle

Maria Sibylla Merian, the German naturalist born on 2 April 1647, had a significant influence on the development of entomology.

Google's latest doodle celebrates the anniversary of the birth of of Maria Sibylla Merian (1647-1717), a German who was one of the greatest artist-naturalists of her time and who is regarded as having been a significant influence in the development of entomology.

Merian, who was born in Frankfurt into the family of a Swiss engraver and publisher, had been fascinated by the life cycles of butterflies and made their transformations the subject of close studies.

She became a flower-painter and teacher and, at the age of 52, made an expedition to what is now Suriname after she was inspired by exotic specimens imported from the Dutch colonies for the natural history collections of the Netherlands.

During her time in South America, she travelled around the Dutch colony, sketching local animals and plants but also criticising the treatment of indigenous people and black slaves by Dutch planters.

Returning to Amsterdam two years later, she began work on a lavishly illustrated book, the Metamorphosis Insectorum Surinamensium (The Metamorphoses of the Insects of Suriname) which depicted the life cycles of insects she had studied. It was published in 1705, 10 years before she suffered a stroke and was partially paralysed. She died two years later. Her daughter published a collection of her work.

Source:guardian.co.uk

Read More

Felix Baumgartner's world skydive record attempt under way

Austrian skydiver Felix Baumgartner is diving to Earth on his mission to break a series of freefall records.

His giant helium balloon left the ground at Roswell, New Mexico, about three hours ago and climbed through the sky to more than 128,000ft (39km).

Baumgartner then jumped out.

The near absence of air at this high altitude means he should break the speed of sound as he falls - a velocity in excess of 690mph (1,110km/h).

The journey down should take 10 minutes, about half of it in freefall.

No-one has ever gone so high in a balloon, nor attempted to make such a high skydive.


The current record for the biggest jump of all time is now 52 years old. It was set by US Air Force Col Joe Kittinger when he leapt from a helium envelope at an altitude of 102,800ft (31.3km).

There are immense risks involved in what the Austrian is trying to do.

Where he is going, the air pressure is less than 2% of what it is at sea level, and it is impossible to breathe without an oxygen supply.

Others who have tried to break the existing records for the highest, fastest and longest freefalls have lost their lives in the process.

Engineers have done everything possible to limit the risks. They have built the Austrian a special pressurised capsule to carry him aloft under the helium balloon.

He will also be wearing a next-generation, full-pressure suit, an evolution of the orange protective clothing worn by shuttle astronauts on launch.

Although the jump has the appearance of another Baumgartner stunt, his team prefers to stress its high scientific relevance.

The researchers on the Red Bull Stratos project believe it will inform the development of new systems for emergency evacuation from high-performance, high-altitude vehicles. Nasa and its spacecraft manufacturers have asked to be kept informed.

Supersonic data

There are a few examples of pilots being ejected in supersonic airflows when their planes broke apart in the sky, but there is no detailed data on what happens to the human body as it goes supersonic and then, as it slows, goes subsonic again.

Baumgartner will be instrumented to acquire this new data.

Engineers have incorporated an automatic device in his gear that would deploy a drogue stabilisation chute if he gets into trouble.

There is, however, high confidence in Baumgartner's team that he will complete the task ahead of him. He has been buoyed by the success of two practice jumps that have taken him progressively higher into the stratosphere - from 71,600ft (21.8km) and 97,100ft (29.6km).

The official lift-off time for the balloon was 0931MDT (1631GMT; 1731BST). Mission control at Roswell airport is following every moment of what was a more than two-hour ascent to the jump altitude.

Baumgartner is in video and radio contact throughout. The only person who will speak to him, however, is Col Kittinger, who was brought into the team early to advise the Austrian how best to beat the octogenarian's records.

"We are going to get your goal and your dream accomplished Felix," Kittinger told Baumgartner just before lift-off.
Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-19927667

Read More

Tesla: Man Out of Time

In Tesla: Man Out of Time, Margaret Cheney explores the brilliant and prescient mind of one of the twentieth century's greatest scientists and inventors. Called a madman by his enemies, a genius by others, and an enigma by nearly everyone,

Nikola Tesla was, without a doubt, a trailblazing inventor who created astonishing, sometimes world-transforming devices that were virtually without theoretical precedent. Tesla not only discovered the rotating magnetic field -- the basis of most alternating-current machinery -- but also introduced us to the fundamentals of robotics, computers, and missile science. Almost supernaturally gifted, unfailingly flamboyant and neurotic, Tesla was troubled by an array of compulsions and phobias and was fond of extravagant, visionary experimentations. He was also a popular man-about-town, admired by men as diverse as Mark Twain and George Westinghouse, and adored by scores of society beauties.

From Tesla's childhood in Yugoslavia to his death in New York in the 1940s, Cheney paints a compelling human portrait and chronicles a lifetime of discoveries that radically altered -- and continue to alter -- the world in which we live. Tesla: Man Out of Time is an in-depth look at the seminal accomplishments of a scientific wizard and a thoughtful examination of the obsessions and eccentricities of the man behind the science.
More About Tesla

Read More

4 bizarre theories about the moon

A famous poet in England make believe blue cheese moon, while many others think super moon can cause earthquakes and tsunamis.


The life of intense lunar
The Titanic crashed "by super moon"
Many claim the police committed acts crazy or illegal (such as looting, beating people) increased during the period before and after the full moon. To understand this phenomenon, James Rotton, a scientist at the University of Florida in the U.S., the researchers Ivan Kelly of the University of Saskatchewan in Canada, analyzed 37 studies on lunar cycles and other neurologic syndromes . Results showed that the moon does not affect the behavior and nerve of man.

Super Moon can cause catastrophic

Super Moon occurs because the moon's orbit is not perfectly round shape. When the moon to perigee (near earth position in orbit), we feel it to more normal levels. Of course, the moon is as close to Earth for its gravitational pull of our planet grows. So many people worry more powerful gravitational pull of the super moon can cause disaster - like earthquakes or tsunamis.

"The scientists of the Office U.S. Geological Survey and several other researchers looked super gravity to the earth and moon. They found that, in any case, the moon's gravity is not strong enough to cause any disaster, "said John Bellini, a geophysicist with the Geological Survey Agency, affirmed.


Many people think that super-lunar gravity can cause disaster on Earth.
The U.S. spacecraft ever landed on the moon

A part of the American people that the fleet landing of Apollo on the moon in the 60s and 70s did not happen. They guess it landed staged scenes in a secret place on earth that I found on television to deceive audiences.

The hypothesis of skeptics could make the astronauts had to bet their lives in the moon expedition angry. In 2002, a believer in this theory has blocked Buzz Aldrin, one of the astronauts used on the moon in 1969, at an event. Former astronaut Aldrin, when it was 72 years old, who blocked the punch in the face after he called him "a coward and deceitful".

Moon is made up of blue cheese

John Heywood, a famous poet of the British in the 16th century, thought that the moon is made up of green cheese. Several centuries later, although the human understanding of astronomy has increased significantly, many people still think like Heywood. In 1902, psychologists have to poll the children about their thoughts on the moon. The results show that most children take part in the survey that blue cheese is the main substance of the moon.

Read More

Who is Gideon Sundback

Gideon Sundback was born in 1880 near Vaggeryd in Sm�land. His father was a wealthy owners.
His big bet Gideon devices would radically improve an invention already, namely the zipper.



From the time humans began to dress in animal skins and tissues later, it was necessary to open and close clothing. From a different and Velcro fasteners raised the idea of ??a zipper front. Zippers are a type of locking device for clothes, etc., which can be opened and closed by a slide which is drawn between the two rows of hooks.

Gideon was sent abroad to learn electrical engineering and graduated in Germany 1903rd Two years later he traveled to America and settled there.

There he met a few years later, a fellow of V�rmland, Peter Aronsson. He worked for a businessman named Lewis Walker, who produced zip.

Design a slide was presented in 1893 by the American Witcomb Judson, but these were primarily designed for shoes. Even earlier, already in 1851, had a fashion designer American machine, Elias Howe received a patent for a design "cursor blocking."

Peter Aronsson 1903 had integrated plant machinery zipper of Lewis. The zipper was clumsy and did not work well. They often went up to the worst possible time. The sale of them was so slow.



1907 Gideon Sundback hired to improve the structure zipper. 1913, he patented a design of a zipper.

In the first longitudinal slide fasteners attached to the fabric sewn by the hand, one at a time. Idea was sound equipment to drill the brackets and tighten them in two strips of fabric, which could then be sewn by machine.

Of "the Swedish inventor" of the K / Ers�us:

"Sundb�ck took up the idea of ??Judson and cross-fertilization with a Swiss, recently patented, which never reached the market The final solution is a lock with a much denser fins and locking points more than the old flash that looked like a giant l�sgarnityr - .. Now each 'Sting only one fifth, perhaps one tenth largest. zip is much smoother, more supple. It does not crack as easily. "

Despite this, however, sales will be inertia:

"It turns out that customers finally got tired after all these years of bad zippers. Patience has been great American Technology happy, but now, confidence is consumed. You trust anyone no more. Even on Swedish claims to have invented the perfect lock and run it with the words:

Opening like a smile

the closure by a line drawn on the water

"Open as a smile, finds that a line drawn in water." "

Hello it was an order of the armed forces of the United States. Zippers fell on both marine and jackets portmon�er Flygare. After this order was the orders and popular new zipper pouring in.

"Swedish inventor":

"In Europe, people admiring eyes wide ties clever American soldiers. When the war is over decreases, although the Navy orders, but other clients already there and waiting. We skofirman BF Goodrich Company , who signed a giant order of zip sneakers. Others will need zips tobacco pouches, gloves, and - 1930 -. that gylfar in trousers "

Sundb�ck have dubbed his invention the "Fastner separable", has now launched the "lightning Fastner", which is just "flash-lock".

In Sweden, began zipper made in 1931 by the use Gusums. The material used to be metal, but today it is often used in plastic zipper.

The company has grown and Gideon Sundback became rich. When he died in 1954 after leaving a fortune of $ 13 million.

Read More

What is the emotional quotient (EC)?

It is a concept that Daniel Goleman, an American psychologist, theorized in 1995 that assesses the ability to implement and operate the way of intelligence based on emotion.
Investigations conducted Goleman shows that career success is determined by non-technical skills related to affect as adaptability, empathy, initiative, confidence, ease ... So there are people with a high IQ, was unsuccessful, while others less well at that level easily shine through the emotional capacities exploited wisely.

CE improves with age and can work and develop constantly through very simple exercises. On the contrary the intelligence quotient (IQ), whose development stops at adolescence. These two forms of intelligence are not incompatible, but complementary to perfection.

Emotional intelligence is paramount, while the use of these tests in the business world is beginning to become as widespread as the interview work . Today, in order to cope with the competitive and strategic imperatives of the company, required many personal and social traits. Measuring these emotional qualities further gives an idea of the personality of the candidate. And in cases where technical and intellectual skills are very similar between applicants for a position, emotional intelligence might make a difference.

The test shows the ability of CE concentration of the candidate control the feelings and emotions and their ability to manage relationships with others. The result of the test is measuring the level of empathy.

In many companies like L'Or�al and Peugeot already beginning to assess the quality of working relationships with oneself and others.

What is it? The Baron popularized by psychologist Ruben BarOn U.S., is one of the most known and used test today. With scientific validity, this measure of emotional intellect is often used in the U.S. since 1995. Although its entry into Europe was somewhat later, has been very successful in business to hire new staff. The test consists of a hundred statements attributed to life in general evaluated and grouped into five levels in fifteen dimensions. The candidate must score each of the statements on a scale of 1 to 5. The computer answers recounts and analyzes the results compared with other results already received. For example, in the statement "I prefer to work alone together" if the candidate replies, "I prefer to work only" intuit that has a low intelligence level as their coexistence is considered low. The findings will be evaluated taking into account the position you want to cover.

There are many tests designed by psychologists on the Internet to gain insight to exploit effectively our personal and social skills.
It is clear that these tests are not effective and the results are true if the candidate does not respond with sincerity.
Once we receive the findings, we can be more or less uncomfortable with the outcome. The important thing is to always learn something of our way of being.

Read More

The anticancer properties of tomatoes

After the potato is grown as a vegetable on the planet. Although many fruits and vegetables have a much higher vitamin and mineral content, the tomato is a vegetable that, thanks to its consumer and its properties, gives the greatest contribution to the achievement of the recommended daily dose.



The tomato is the 93% water. 2.9% carbohydrate, 0.2% fat, 1% protein and 1.8% fiber.

Lycopene has a strong antioxidant, and recent research has discovered that can slow the proliferation of cancer cells. According to a U.S. study regularly eat tomatoes dramatically decrease the risk of ovarian cancer for women and prostate cancer for men. Also in tomato, two acids would be able to avoid the formation of carcinogenic substances in the body.
Thanks to the tomato lycopene plays an important protective action of the skin.

Read More

Hair transplantation is a popular method to deal with baldness

Hair transplantation is a popular method to deal with baldness. From the United States, however, is going to get another technique that could prove significantly more effective and will lead to "repopulate" the heads "desert" of those who no longer has a full head of hair.
In Los Angeles, Dr. Ken Washenik announced that in a few months, the scalp was devoid of hair will regain its ancient splendor: the American doctor, who works for the Bosley, is studying the follicular neogenesis or multiplication of hair (this technique is also called hair cloning). But how does it work? In the hair follicles in which they grow stem cells that are present when receiving certain chemical signals, dividing each giving rise to a cell specialized to create the hair, and a new stem.
The aim is to identify what specifically are these chemical signals and use them to create a culture of stem cells that can give rise to new hair from the head to areas that are lacking.
It was also discovered that some cells send chemical signals to the follicles matured to respond and begin to grow hair. Everything has been tested successfully on mice and lab cultures of human skin.

Washeinik But he admitted that "it is a biotech research and nature can always step in and slow things down. But the basic idea seems real. "

Read More

New discovery .. Glasses enable the blind to see

Got a new discovery is known as the "eyes and mechanisms," the approval of the European Union, which provides an opportunity to restore eyesight to many blind due to diseases of the retina.

As the newspaper "Daily Mail" Britain's discovery that a pair of new genetic enable blind or vision, patients walk on their own without the facilities, engage with normal life easily.

The newspaper added that the new glasses  as a network industry for those who suffer from blindness due to lack of the retina, whether the defect genetically or satisfactory, prompting the European regulators for the development of the rapid approval of this invention, and the trading markets, starting from next summer after the success of the test, which has undergone 30 to blind patients, managed vision using glasses.


Scientists say the fictional invention and a major step forward in the field of  electronic technology for  eye , where is the seed of a bionic eye to restore sight, Valenzarh is a small computer converts the images to electrical impulses transmitted to the brain and helps to become aware of the injured to the image.

The newspaper pointed out that the E-glass "eyes two mechanisms" are not available for all patients is still a heavy price, with an estimated 50 thousand pounds sterling, and the glasses accompanied by a small device used for training costs 10 thousand pounds sterling. And expressed the paper about the importance of these glasses are available for all patients, and that offered by national organizations and institutions.

She noted that the new glasses require that the blind process of first transplants especially to fit with the receiver and the wireless pad associated with the electric glasses to help stimulate and activate cells related to the retina. Once this process is complete, patients can use the glasses that enable him to see the light, movement and color, and reading; with the ability of glass to enlarge the small things

Read More

Farewell to the marks of bikini!

The swimsuit Kinkini sunny allows uniform body, as if you were naked

Women who hate the sun marks left by the bathing suit can say goodbye to this problem: for them there is a garment that allows the body tan evenly without leaving any blank areas, as if you took the sun naked.
These swimsuits, created in England by Kinkini brand, are made of tissue called Transol is composed of millions of micro-diamond shape that let 80% of the sun's rays while allowing an unmarked tan completely natural.

Garments that are marketed for some time in Europe, Argentina and Colombia make its foray into the U.S. and Mexican market through Spanish and Mexican distributors Buzz Business Group SL and I, respectively.

In addition to the total tanning, swimsuits Kinkini provide further advantages such as quick drying of the garment and the perspiration from the skin easily, both beneficial aspects for health and hygiene sensitive areas.

And while the swimwear models contain the latest cuts and fashions, it is necessary to stress that are not manufactured in solid colors, as the level of the fabric has holes that can only impede the visibility of private body parts through the patterns of color.

Read More

Scientific studies reveal the sun's activity slowed in 2020

American Studies  in the United States,have found that the sun's activity is witnessing a long time from an unusual distance, which could affect the Earth's climate, as astronomers have spotted U.S.
decline in sunspots or sunspots and the slowdown in activity near the poles, which is nearing the final third of 2020,

 It pointers to the sun tend to a long period of calm in the activity, according to published daily mail .

Said Frank Hill, Assistant Director of the Observatory of solar energy: "The solar cycle, the current may be the last, which has seen active solar significant several decades ago," pointing to it as unusual and unexpected and will affect a large number of things from space exploration to climate on Earth,
 Also based on Dr. Hill and his team go three studies entirely different to the sun in the same direction, which is a solid indication that the sunspot cycle is heading to the period of hibernation.

It is noteworthy that the solar spot "Sunspot", characterized by a low temperature for the surrounding areas and actively prevents the intense magnetic field carrying the heat component areas of low surface temperature, despite being very bright areas but the difference between the temperature, which amounts to about 4000-4500 K The surface temperature of the sun in general, "5700 K", makes it appear dark spots.

Read More

The largest gathering of whale sharks at all

Magazine "National Geographic" picked up the largest gathering of Whale sharks at all, is the whale shark is the largest shark species, as well as the largest fish at all,
and may reach a length of 12.65 meters and a weight of 21.5 tons, which is the only species of the genus Rhincodon which belong to the family of Rhincodontidae (which was called Rhinodontes before the year 1984).

Was found on the squadron's largest ever - according to the magazine, the most widespread in the world of normal life - next to the coast of Yucatan peninsula and off the Isla Mujeres, Mexico.

Strange as it is gathered Whale sharks each summer, of course, is not this abundance, but according to the magazine, they dispersed after the rally no one knew where to gather the rest of the year and stressed that they are even if they were flying between the Pacific and the Atlantic Ocean it would be possible to see them.

Read More

The full moon will be eclipsed on Wednesday

The full moon will be eclipsed by next Wednesday especially the Mediterranean coast and Balearic Islands, is one of the best places in the world to observe the complete cycle.

the peak of the eclipse will occur at 22.14 hours (GMT).

The duration of total eclipse will be 1 hour and 41 minutes, although the entire process, including in it the stages before the eclipse itself (known as partial phase penumbral phase), will last more than five hours.

The Earth will stand that day between the sun and the moon and the shadow of the blue planet completely hide the moon.  unlike solar eclipses, the moon does not pose any risk to the eye and therefore do not require for observation with the naked eye from the use of any filters.

The phenomenon will be visible across Europe, Africa, Asia and Oceania. In Spain, the area where better observe the complete cycle will be in the far east (Mediterranean coast and Balearic Islands) and the rest of the peninsula and the Canary Islands, except the beginning, the whole process will be the total eclipse .




Each year there are four to seven eclipses, including the Sun and the Moon, and that normally accompany such a way that one occurs after half a lunar cycle after the other.

 In this case, Wednesday's lunar eclipse occurs between two partial eclipses of the sun: the eclipse of June 1, which was visible in East Asia and the northern extremes of North America and Europe, and the eclipse of July 1, which will be visible in the southern Indian Ocean and Antarctica.

This year, there will be two total lunar eclipses, the next Wednesday and Dec. 10, but no total solar eclipse, although it four partial: January 4, 1 June, 1 July and 25 November.

Read More

FEMALE GENITAL: Vagina

The vagina is the final part of the female genital tract, followed by the uterus and opens into the vestibule of the vagina receives the sperm during mating and also serves to give passage to the fetus at birth and the menstrual flow.

In terms of emptiness, the vaginal cavity is virtual, because the front and back walls adhere, in the face of tench and vaginal fornix, the cavity takes on a cylindrical, while in the vestibule of the vagina, it assumes an elliptical shape.

The vagina, about 7 cm in length, lies partly in the pelvis and the perineum in part, and course obliquely down and forward. It is a very distensible organ (during childbirth), but it is also very flexible, since, after an expansion, almost back to the primitive form. The front wall is related to the bladder from which it is separated from the vesicovaginal septum, which lower down becomes the septum uretrovaginale; back is related to the rectum through the cable rettouterino.


The inner surface of the vagina is not smooth, but presents a series of transverse folds, the wrinkles of the vagina, which takes its origin from longitudinal surveys, the columns of wrinkles at the top of the front wall there is a smooth triangular area, the triangle Pawlik of which corresponds to the bladder trigone.

The arteries uterine artery stem (born dall'ombelicale) and vaginal artery (formed by internal pudendal).

Form the veins and vesicovaginal uterovaginale I read, that are discharged into the internal iliac vein.

The lymph nodes are part to internal iliac, presacral lymph nodes and inguinal lymph nodes above.

The nerves are branches of the plexus uterovaginale, derived from the pelvic plexus.

The epithelium lining the vaginal cavity is composed of type paved, very sensitive to hormonal effects, so that we can speak of the vaginal cycle.

External genitalia

The external genitalia are called the vulva, and are at the front of the perineum, between the root of the thighs, and include various skin structures.

The arteries are the internal pudendal artery, a branch of internal iliac, femoral artery.

The veins are thrown into the femoral vein, in the great saphenous vein and internal pudendal.

The lymphatic leading to the superficial inguinal lymph nodes.
Nerves come genital branches of the lumbar plexus and perineal branches of the pudendal nerve internal organ is the most innervated clitoris, which can be found in many corpuscular endings of all kinds.

Read More

FEMALE GENITAL: Uterus

The uterus is the organ that is involved in the pregnancy, that is, the reception of the fertilized egg, and allows development within it. It receives the upper end of the fallopian tubes, and continues down the vagina, the muscular part is well developed and allows, with its contractions and the expulsion of the fetus during delivery.

The uterus is located in the pelvis behind the bladder and in front of the rectum is at the top of the symphysis pubis and, later, at the 1st and 2nd coccygeal vertebrae, the shape of a pear flattened in the anteroposterior direction, with length of 6-7 cm, 3-4 cm wide and 2 cm thick and weighing 40 grams, you will identify a body, top, and a collar, bottom, between the body and neck is a narrowing, greater in nulliparous, said isthmus, and the body is above the fund, the portion of the cervix that opens into the vagina is called the nose of tench.

The front face is concave forward and is in contact with the cable vescicouterino, with the rear wall of the bladder, the posterior wall is convex, covered by peritoneum and is based on the front of the rectum, the sides have the broad ligaments, and see the outcome in the upper margin of the tube, the top is the bottom, and below the insertion of the vagina, which is an obtuse angle forward.

Between the inner wall of the vagina and the outer wall of the uterus, forming a circular space, called the vaginal fornix, which distinguish one front, one rear (the deepest, 2 cm) and two sides.

While the neck is fixed to the vagina and with these, with the pelvic floor, the body is extremely mobile on all the axes are employed to limit the mobility of the broad ligaments and round ligaments, consisting of two strips with bundles of dense fibrous connective elastic fibers and smooth muscles that originate from the uterus superolaterale to end, after passing through the inguinal canal, pluckers at the base of the pubic tubercle.

Inside the uterus can be identified two cavities, the body cavity and cervical canal, internal os separate from the orifice, and the cervical canal opens into the vagina through the external uterine orifice.


The body cavity has a triangular shape flattened, the thickness of which depends greatly on the number of shares, while the cervical canal has fusata form, that is in closer correspondence with two openings.

The front and back walls are irregular for the presence of palmate folds which, taken together, buy a tree form and are called tree of life.

The uterine wall is composed, from the inside out, endometriosis, a mucous membrane very sensitive to hormonal stimuli, the myometrium, a very thick muscle layer, which is also subject to the effect of hormones, and the perimeter, typical structure of the peritoneum.

The peritoneum completely surrounding the fundus and body of the uterus (forming the wire and cable vescicouterino rettouterino) and also much of the back of the neck, are evidence of coating the anterior surface and sides of the neck where the ligaments are wide, the same dependencies peritoneum.
The arteries of the uterus are the uterine artery, which derives from the umbilical or hypogastric.

The veins form a plexus uterovaginale resulting in the internal iliac vein.

The lymph nodes are issued by pre-and paraaortici and hypogastric lymph nodes.

Nerves come primarily from uterovaginale plexus.

Read More

FEMALE GENITAL: Uterine Tube

The uterine, or fallopian tubes, tubular bodies are equal, which extend from the upper pole of the ovary to the uterus result in part superolaterale, they have a duty to accommodate the egg after ovulation, to allow and facilitate the meeting between egg and sperm, and to push the fertilized egg in the uterus, where it is implanted.

Each tube has an average length of 12 cm and its size is very variable in different sections, reducing the distal part toward the media: at the initial infundibular portion that comes in the form of a large funnel from the base of jagged due to strips about 1 cm, the fimbriae, which float freely in the peritoneal cavity, and, with their movement, are able to capture the egg expelled from the mature follicle, one of them, ovarian fimbria, is linked to the ovary tuboovarico ligament; all'infundibulo followed by the ampullary portion, the longest (8 cm) and tortuous, which may come into contact with the loops of the small intestine and left colon with ileopelvico, and that starts by making a curve concave medial then descends obliquely until the isthmic portion, about 3 cm, the light closer and harder consistency, the last section is given by the intramural portion, very short, which runs through the wall of the uterus and flows through the same orifice Uterine diameter of about 1 cm.

Throughout its course, the tube is covered with peritoneum and peritoneal meso subtended by the Mesosalpinx, coming from the back sheet of the broad ligament, it receives between the two layers that compose it, vessels and nerves, and allows a certain mobility the tuba, especially in the first two portions.

The inner surface of the tube is very irregular and is characterized by numerous folds of the tubal mucosa tunic, which has a simple cylindrical epithelium with cilia that promote the progress of the ovum to the uterus and the, same time, sperm towards the egg, the epithelium undergoes significant changes depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle, and is therefore extremely sensitive to the influence of hormones.

The arteries coming through the branches of tubal ovarian and uterine arteries.

The veins are part medial to the uterine vein and lateral to the ovarian vein.
The lymph nodes are issued by pre-and paraaortici.

The nerves, which are intended primarily to smooth muscle, and come from plexus uterovaginale uteroovarico.

Read More

FEMALE GENITAL: The ovaries

The female gonads are in the body and perform the dual task of producing germ cells and secrete female sex hormones such as estrogen and progesterone.



The ovaries are organs that are in the shape of almonds and the large size of 3.5 cm in height, 2 cm wide and 1 cm thick; in girls before puberty, are smaller, as in old age.

He has a rather hard texture and the surface shows a different conformation of the age: before puberty is smooth during the fertile period characterized by numerous protrusions in draft form because of the importance of the follicles in the process of formation and bodies lutea, with age appear many scars to atresia of the follicles and, finally, after menopause, smooth returns for its numerous scars.
The ovary is covered by visceral peritoneum, but from an ovarian epithelium, which however have the same embryological origin of the peritoneum.

The ovary is kept in place by means of fixation represented by four ligaments: the suspensory ligament of ovary, ovarian vessels made from the lumbar region and accompanied by connective fibers and smooth muscle, ligament uteroovarico, which joins the lower pole of 'ovary superolaterale corner of the uterus where it implants in the back of the tube, the Mesovarium, short breaks away from the peritoneal ligament back page of the broad ligament of the uterus and ovary and reaches the front edge that is formed by two layers of peritoneal nerves and vessels which run between ovarian ligament tuboovarico, which combines the superior pole of the ovary to the fimbrosa tuba.

The ovary consists of two portions: a cortex, which contains the ovarian organelles (which are represented by the follicles and corpora lutea) and bone marrow.

The arteries are derived genital artery (which arises from the aorta in the abdomen, at the level of 2L) and the ovarian branch of uterine artery.

The veins pour into pampiniform plexus which flows right into the inferior vena cava and left renal vein.

The lymph nodes are issued by and preaortici paraaortici.

The nerves are derived from uteroovarico plexus and pelvic plexus.

Read More

Germany now claims that the outbreak of 'E.coli' comes from locally grown soybeans

German health authorities today lifted the warning against eating cucumbers, lettuce and raw tomatoes after finding that infection with an aggressive strain of the bacterium E. coli has "almost absolute security" originated from sprouts.

This was announced today the spokespeople of the Robert Koch Institute of Virology and the Federal Institute for Risk Assessment in a joint press conference in Berlin.

The health ministers, Daniel Bahr, and Agriculture Minister Ilse Aigner, expressed "relief" to such information and defended as "correct" the warning issued on May 25 against the consumption of these vegetables raw, due to "substantiated suspicion" they could be carriers of infection.

"The move was successful, and according to all security parameters given by experts in this type of infection," Bahr said in a brief joint appearance with his colleague of Agriculture, at the seat of Parliament.

The recommendation not to consume these products, Bahr said, probably contributed to that there were no more cases of infection, "because the seeds are usually used in combination with salads," he added.

The intervention of the two ministers took place immediately after the hearing of experts, who maintained the warning against the consumption of these seeds germinated in outbreaks of mung beans or soybeans.

All research points to a producer of the northern federal state of Lower Saxony, whose farm has been sealed, as reported by the two ministers, as the source of infection that has caused 30 deaths in Germany and 1 in Sweden.

Aigner emphasized that all indications are that "the worst is over", as it has sent the number of new infections, but warned consumers that in any case desirable "extreme hygiene measures" for the consumption of raw vegetables.

Reinhard Burger, director of the Robert Koch Institute, said earlier that the number of patients affected by the infection of "E.coli" and he had sent back a call for people to observe hygiene standards in handling vegetables and other raw food.

Suspicions focus on seed organically grown farm in the town of Bienenb�ttel, in the district of Uelzen, in which several of its employees had contracted the disease several weeks ago and supplied its products to several restaurants whose customers recorded a high number of patients.

"The work of the experts has been complicated, because it was reconstructed in each of the victims who had consumed during the past fortnight, until set, almost certainly, these seeds were the source," said Bahr.

Analyses in the company after becoming suspicious were negative, although it is possible that the source of infection disappeared after the outbreak without a trace.

Until now it had pointed to various sources of origin of the bacteria, which have since been discarded. At first, producers were accused Spanish cucumbers to be the cause of the epidemic, although this point was discarded later. Bean sprouts also emerged as a possible cause, although as in the case of cucumbers, were also discarded.

Read More

Voyager reaches edge of solar system and discover magnetic bubbles

The confines of our solar system are an area of ??magnetic bubbles filled turbulence have been observed by the Voyager probes, which have managed to reach the farthest point from Earth so far. Specifically at 14,000 million miles.

Using a new computer model to analyze the data transmitted by the probes has enabled researchers to determine that the solar magnetic field is about 160 million miles wide.

The bubbles are formed when magnetic field lines, curves are rearranged, explained the team of astronomers in the journal of Astrophysique in June. The new computer model suggests that these lines are split into disconnected bubbles of the sun's magnetic field.

"This magnetic field extends to the confines of the solar system," said Merav Opher, an astronomer at Boston University.
"Because the sun rotates on itself, its magnetic field rotates and wrinkled like a ballerina's skirt. Far away from the sun, where the two Voyager spacecraft, the folds of her skirt up," adds .

By understanding the structure of the solar magnetic field, astronomers will be able to explain how cosmic rays enter our solar system and how the sun comes into play with the rest of our galaxy, the Milky Way.

Until now, most of the data indicating the existence of these magnetic bubbles coming from an instrument aboard Voyager to measure energetic particles.

Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 were launched in 1977. Have flown by Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and 48 of their moons, before leaving the confines of the solar system. The data collected by nine instruments carried on board makes its mission in the most fruitful scientific exploration of the solar system.

Read More

Smoke Detector and Types

Smoke Detector and Types

Smoke detectors are used to detect smoke in airborne and issue alarms to alert owners to potential fires. They are usually installed in rooms with high-risk heating or electrical devices such as furnaces, fireplaces, and electric or gas appliances.

They are usually installed on walls or ceilings, and can run on batteries or connect to your home's electrical system.

Smoke detectors can be used alone, integrated into home security systems, or installed in several rooms. Multiple smoke detectors are interconnected so that often the smoke in a room can trigger all the other units. Some alarms also are accompanied by flashing lights to alert hearing-impaired users.

Types of smoke detectors are:

Photoelectric Smoke Detectors
Photoelectric smoke detectors are T-shaped optical cameras that emit a beam of infrared light, which normally happens in a straight line in front of a photosensitive cell. Some smoke scatters the light in the cell, causing the alarm. In some models, the beam is positioned so that the scattered light outside the cell, turn off the alarm when it detects less light. They work best to detect and stop the burning of fires burning large amounts of smoke.


Ionization Smoke Detectors
Ionization smoke detectors consist of an ionization chamber, surrounded by two opponents charged electrodes, and a radioactive element called americium-241. Americium sent alpha particles in the chamber, providing a steady stream of the electrodes. When smoke enters the chamber, the current flow is disturbed and the alarm goes off. They can also be caused by hot air and very small particles of smoke, which can lead to the kitchen and the alarm during normal cooking. Usually have indicator lights that alert users when the batteries are running low. They are best for the rapid spread of fire detection and fire.

Choosing Smoke Detectors

Power Source: Choose a working smoke detector on both batteries and AC power. This allows you to reserve your backup battery for when the power source system fails. You can find one that uses lithium batteries instead of 9 volts - the lithium ater�as last about ten years, while that of a 9 volt required frequent replacement.

UL approval: Make sure your smoke detector is approved by Underwriters Laboratory (UL). This ensures that the unit goes to international standards of quality and efficiency. This is usually indicated by a UL stamp of approval on the product package.

Read More